Plant- associated microorganisms use chemotaxis to sense and respond to plant-derived signals, such as organic acids and/or sugars present in plant exudates, and to initiate colonization. Once a signal is perceived, microorganisms (M’Os) move towards the plant primarily through the use of flagella (microbial hair).

Dysbiosis is the imbalance of microorganisms (M’Os) in or on plant and having a hub of beneficial M’Os prevent the imbalance or the dysbiosis (M’Os – M’Os interactions).

Complex microorganism–microorganism and host–microorganism interactions maintain the balance between different members of the microbial community in favor of beneficial microorganisms that contribute to plant health.

By producing Plant hormones and Detoxification enzymes M’Os stimulates and promotes plant growth.

Microbiomes can stimulate plant growth by metabolizing tryptophan and other small molecules in the plant exudates and producing phytohormones that include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins and phytohormone .

Secondary metabolites are produced by plant roots to favor the abundance of certain microorganisms that do a service for the plant, for example: i) solubilization of iron, and other essential nutrients, and/or ii) production of reactive oxygen species that control or inhibit the growth of bacteria harmful or competing with plant.

In many ways, for example:
Mycelium or hyphae from fungi provides a network for nutrient uptake and microbiome stability.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi might enhance nutrient availability by long-distance transport through the mycelium and specialized structures called arbuscules (fungal hyphae in a modified form of the cortical cell plasma membrane) that transport elements directly to the host cytoplasm.

M’Os can solubilize, Chelate different essential nutrients and make them bioavailable to the plant.

Microbiomes can unlock essential elements by oxidizing, solubilizing or chelating minerals into plant-available nutrients such as phosphate (Pi), nitrogen (NH4+) and potassium (K+) through the production of organic acids and siderophores

Can fix Nitrogen and help increase the availability of phosphorus and potassium

Plant-associated microbiome protects the plant against pathogens or pests through antagonism or through inducing systemic resistance in plants.

Also, M’Os can protect against pathogens by Competition with pathogens, producing Siderophores or Lytic enzymes, or Antibiotic secretion or Volatiles that keeps intervetebrate away

Various microbial structures — such as secretion systems, flagella— along with proteins such as effector proteins, indirectly contribute to plant defense by triggering an induced systemic resistance response.

The complex form of Nitrogen as amino acids, peptides or protein inside the plant helps strengthen the plants’ vigor and robustness instead of using nitrate or ammonium as the latter attracts insects and fungi.

Plant-associated microorganisms could modify plant responses to environmental stress in different ways. Microorganisms have proven to help plant tolerate drought, salinity and heat. Forming a biofilm on leaf surface in hot summers can act as a protective layer blocking heat (sun blocker effect).

Also, endophytes (bacteria inside the plant) help the plant tolerate toxicity of for example herbicide, heavy metals etc.

  • Plant- associated microorganisms use chemotaxis to sense and respond to plant-derived signals, such as organic acids and/or sugars present in plant exudates, and to initiate colonization. Once a signal is perceived, microorganisms (M’Os) move towards the plant primarily through the use of flagella (microbial hair).

  • Dysbiosis is the imbalance of microorganisms (M’Os) in or on plant and having a hub of beneficial M’Os prevent the imbalance or the dysbiosis (M’Os – M’Os interactions).

    Complex microorganism–microorganism and host–microorganism interactions maintain the balance between different members of the microbial community in favor of beneficial microorganisms that contribute to plant health.

  • By producing Plant hormones and Detoxification enzymes M’Os stimulates and promotes plant growth.

    Microbiomes can stimulate plant growth by metabolizing tryptophan and other small molecules in the plant exudates and producing phytohormones that include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins and phytohormone .

    Secondary metabolites are produced by plant roots to favor the abundance of certain microorganisms that do a service for the plant, for example: i) solubilization of iron, and other essential nutrients, and/or ii) production of reactive oxygen species that control or inhibit the growth of bacteria harmful or competing with plant.

  • In many ways, for example:
    Mycelium or hyphae from fungi provides a network for nutrient uptake and microbiome stability.

    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi might enhance nutrient availability by long-distance transport through the mycelium and specialized structures called arbuscules (fungal hyphae in a modified form of the cortical cell plasma membrane) that transport elements directly to the host cytoplasm.

  • M’Os can solubilize, Chelate different essential nutrients and make them bioavailable to the plant.

    Microbiomes can unlock essential elements by oxidizing, solubilizing or chelating minerals into plant-available nutrients such as phosphate (Pi), nitrogen (NH4+) and potassium (K+) through the production of organic acids and siderophores

    Can fix Nitrogen and help increase the availability of phosphorus and potassium

  • Plant-associated microbiome protects the plant against pathogens or pests through antagonism or through inducing systemic resistance in plants.

    Also, M’Os can protect against pathogens by Competition with pathogens, producing Siderophores or Lytic enzymes, or Antibiotic secretion or Volatiles that keeps intervetebrate away

  • Various microbial structures — such as secretion systems, flagella— along with proteins such as effector proteins, indirectly contribute to plant defense by triggering an induced systemic resistance response.

  • The complex form of Nitrogen as amino acids, peptides or protein inside the plant helps strengthen the plants’ vigor and robustness instead of using nitrate or ammonium as the latter attracts insects and fungi.

  • Plant-associated microorganisms could modify plant responses to environmental stress in different ways. Microorganisms have proven to help plant tolerate drought, salinity and heat. Forming a biofilm on leaf surface in hot summers can act as a protective layer blocking heat (sun blocker effect).

    Also, endophytes (bacteria inside the plant) help the plant tolerate toxicity of for example herbicide, heavy metals etc.